Bottle: Introduction

List of Bottle Micro Web Services Tutorials

1. Introduction
2. Static files
3. Template
4. json
5. Bucket List App I - sqlite, route, and template
6. Bucket List App II - get & post
7. Bucket List App III - Editing
8. Bucket List App IV - route validation, regex, and static_file
9. Bucket List App V - json
10. json to html table
11. Forms - Get & Post
12. Forms - Get & Post with editable and checkbox table cells

In this chapter, we'll setup and run on:

1. local host
2. shared host

Bottle does not depend on any external libraries. We can just download bottle.py into our project directory and start coding:

$ wget http://bottlepy.org/bottle.py

It can be installed via pip:

pip install bottle 

hello.py:

from bottle import route, run

@route('/hello')
def hello():
    return '<h1>Hello World!</h1>'

run(host='localhost', port=8080, debug=True)

Within this file, we are going to first import some functionality from the Bottle package. This will allow us to use the framework tools within our application:

from bottle import route, run

This line tells our program that we want to import the route and run modules from the Bottle package.

The run module that we are importing can be used to run the application in a development server, which is great for quickly seeing the results of your program.

The route module that we are importing is responsible for telling the application what URL requests get handled by which Python functions. Bottle applications implement routing by calling a single Python function for each URL requested. It then returns the results of the function to the user.

We added a route that will match the URL pattern /hello and when that path is requested on the server. The function that directly follows will be executed when this matches:

@route('/hello')
def hello():

Let's make a folder where we can download the bottle:

mkdir ~/tmpdownload

Then, move into that folder:

cd ~/tmpdownload

Download the files and unzip it:

wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/b/bottle/bottle-0.12.7.tar.gz
tar xzf bottle-*.tar.gz && rm bottle-*.tar.gz

Now let's move into the folder that we unzipped:

cd b*

Install:

python setup.py install --user

Now lets move into our public_html/Bottle folder so that we can start adding the needed files:

cd ~/public_html/Bottle/

We need this .htaccess under the Bottle directory. We may do directly under public_html/ directory.

AddHandler fcgid-script .fcgi
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.fcgi/$1 [QSA,L]

We also need index.fcgi file:

#! /home2/bogotob1/python/bin/python
import bottle
from flup.server.fcgi import WSGIServer

@bottle.route('/Bottle/')
def index():
    return 'It works!'

@bottle.route('/hello/')
def hello(name='World'):
    return bottle.template('Hello {{name}}!', name=name)

WSGIServer(bottle.default_app()).run()

We want to make it executable:

chmod +x index.fcgi

Holding our breadth, we can test the basic app included in the FastCGI file by typing this into url box:

www.domain_name.com/hello/any_name

Here we go:

Setting up a VMWare hosted CentOS, please visit HYPERVISOR : VMWARE WORKSTATION 10 ON UBUNTU 14.04 LTS. It does not matter but this bottle run was on a hosted CentOS with VMWare on Windows 7.

First, our python file, hello.py should look like this:

from bottle import route, run

@route('/hello')
def hello():
    return "Hello World!"

run(host='192.168.47.101', port=8080, debug=True)

Run the file:

$ pwd
/home/k/MyProject/Bottle
[developer@localhost Bottle]$ ls
hello_bottle.py  hello.py
[k@localhost Bottle]$

$ python hello.py
Bottle v0.12.7 server starting up (using WSGIRefServer())...
Listening on http://192.168.47.101:8080/
Hit Ctrl-C to quit.

192.168.47.1 - - [30/Sep/2014 22:47:47] "GET /hello HTTP/1.1" 200 12

Note that the ip is the hosted CentOS' ip which we can get from 'ifconfig', but not localhost (127.0.0.1).

from bottle import route, run, template

@route('/hello/')
def hello_bottle(name='Bottle'):
    return template('Hello {{s}}!', s = name)

run(host='192.168.47.101', port=8080, debug=True)

login.py:

from bottle import get, post, request, run # or route

@get('/login')
def lg():
    return '''
        <form action="/login" method="post">
            Username: <input name="username" type="text" />
            Password: <input name="password" type="password" />
            <input value="Login" type="submit" />
        </form>
    '''

# fake check, always returns True
def check_login(u,p):
    return True

@post('/login')
def do_login():
    username = request.forms.get('username')
    password = request.forms.get('password')
    if check_login(username, password):
        return "<p>Your login information was correct.</p>"
    else:
        return "<p>Login failed.</p>"

run(host='localhost', port=8080)                                 

We can use @route() instead of @get() and @post():

from bottle import get, post, request, run, route

@route('/login')
def lg():
    return '''
        <form action="/login" method="post">
            Username: <input name="username" type="text" />
            Password: <input name="password" type="password" />
            <input value="Login" type="submit" />
        </form>
    '''
# fake check, always returns True
def check_login(u,p):
    return True

@route('/login', method='POST')
def do_login():
    username = request.forms.get('username')
    password = request.forms.get('password')
    if check_login(username, password):
        return "<p>You are logged in.</p>"
    else:
        return "<p>Login failed.</p>"

run(host='localhost', port=8080)